Decisions about how and when to decarbonize the global energy system are highly influenced by estimates of the likely cost. Here, we generate empirically validated probabilistic forecasts of energy technology costs and use these to estimate future energy system costs under three scenarios. Compared to continuing with a fossil fuel-based system, a rapid green energy transition is likely to result in trillions of net savings, even without accounting for climate damages or climate policy co-benefits.

In the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, allied governments rushed out a series of "science sanctions", as part of a broad campaign of penalties designed to deter Russia. What impact might they have on current or future science?

An increased emphasis on falsification - the direct testing of strong hypotheses - will lead to faster progress in science by allowing well-specified hypotheses to be eliminated.

China created a research evaluation system based on publications indexed in the SCI and on the Journal Impact Factor, which helped China become the largest contributor to scientific literature and increase the position of its universities in global rankings.

More than resource allocations, evaluations of funding applications have become central instances for status bestowal in academia. Much attention in past literature has been devoted to grasping the status consequences of prominent funding evaluations. 

Over the past several years, scholars and critics have begun to talk about the survival of the humanities rather than its crisis. This essay traces the emergence of a rhetoric of salvation and survival in academic advocacy literature, evident in the genres, arguments, and metaphors that writers use to describe the academic humanities. 

NPP is committed to consistent and thorough reporting of clinical research which is essential for rigor, reproducibility, transparency, interpretation, and generalizability of published results to the broader human population.

Selecting economic policies to achieve sustainable development is challenging due to the many sectors involved and the trade-offs implied. Artificial intelligence combined with economy-wide computer simulations can help.

In many sectors and in many respects, interdisciplinarity has made progress in recent decades, but less so when it comes to evaluating interdisciplinary work. Challenges remain, especially regarding what counts as ‘good’ interdisciplinarity.

Contributory citizen science is a method in which non-professional participants contribute to data collection in whole or in part to advance scientific research. This Primer outlines the use of citizen science in the environmental and ecological sciences, discussing participant engagement, data quality assurance and bias correction.

A new study finds that Americans underestimate how many are concerned about climate change as well as support for major climate policies by nearly half, with climate policy supporters significantly outnumbering non-supporters.

People with the greatest opposition to the scientific consensus tend to have the lowest levels of objective science knowledge but the highest levels of self-rated knowledge.

This article explores the effects and interrelationships of seven collaboration problems that arise in the context of the tension between cooperation and competition. 

The Academy of Finland (AKA), Finland's major public research funding agency, uses a Web of Science (WoS) based bibliometric indicator to assess the performance of research it has funded. CRIS-based publication data can support multidimensional assessments of research performance and scholarly communication profiles, potentially also in other countries and institutions. 

This paper examines how automation and digitalisation influence the way everyday scientific work practices are organised and conducted. Drawing on a practice-based study of the field of synthetic biology, the paper uses ethnographic, interview and survey data to offer a sociomaterial and relational perspective of technological change.

Calorie availability and extent of food shortages for each nation are estimated following regional or global nuclear war, including impacts on major crops, livestock and fishery production.

Examining how social media affects the public cognitive and affective factors further influences their attitudes towards COVID-19 governance policy. 

In the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-vaccine activism in the USA accelerated, forming an alliance with political groups and even extremists. An organized, well-funded anti-science movement now threatens all childhood immunizations.

Unprecedented floods and droughts bring new challenges for risk reduction with implications for efficient governance and investment in integrated management.

This study indicates that the JIF is a bad predictor for the quality of peer review of an individual manuscript.

Measurement(s) acknowledgements section 

This study, proposes that the positive impact of public funds is much weaker in less-prestigious universities than in prestigious ones, and that overdependence on public research funding in fact even hurts academic output quality in less-prestigious universities. 

Articles about doing a PhD tend to focus on the difficulties faced by research students: here we argue that the scientific community should also highlight the positive elements of the PhD experience.

This Perspective delivers an introduction to syndemic thinking, and provides insights into how epidemics interact and what scientists, clinicians and policymakers can do with this information.

There is a significant global lack of policy action on consumption of sustainable diets. Application of political science theories such as theories of the policy process can help in understanding policy inaction. Applying these theories could provide a more in-depth understanding of how various influences on the policy process shape decision making for consumption of sustainable diet policy.

It seems obvious that lowering the cost of communication among innovators would facilitate scientific and technological progress. Yet, few studies examine this relationship.

This article illustrates the Bayesian Ranking and Lottery approach for two SNSF grant schemes in career and project funding. 

Science Europe presents a set of shared values that may serve as a reference for the policies and practices implemented by Science Europe Member Organisations (research funding and performing organisations).

Studying production, funding and consumption of science, a study reveals a strong alignment between what the public consumes and what is impactful, as well as an alignment between funding and collective public use.